Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Publication_Date: 20040930 Publication_Time: Unknown Title: Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) ADS40 Digital Imagery Acquisition and Natural Color and Color Infrared Orthophoto Production Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Description: Abstract: An orthoimage is remotely sensed image data in which displacement of features in the image caused by terrain relief and sensor orientation have been mathematically removed. Orthoimagery combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. This task consists of two components, ADS40 digital image acquisition and natural color and color infrared digital orthophoto production, covering the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) in Florida. Purpose: These data have been created as a result of the need for having geospatial data immediately available and easily accessible in order to enhance the capability of the USGS and the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). Supplemental_Information: The bounding coordinates provided within the Spatial Domain section represent a rectangle covering the total area in which the project is located. The actual project boundary located within this area is comprised of areas delimited by the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) boundary. This task consists of two components, digital image acquisition and digital orthophoto production. The Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) project area is comprised of approximately 10,589 square miles. A total of 697 orthos were produced to cover this area. Aerial imagery was collected in panchromatic, Red, Green, Blue and Near Infrared which yielded a natural color and false color infrared version of the completed digital orthophotography. Imagery was collected at an approximate altitude of 23,600 feet above mean terrain. The ADS40 digital camera system used in this project incorporates the latest in sensor technology, optics, electronics, data transfer, and storage. The ADS40 imagery is generated from seven parallel sensor lines in the focal plane of a single lens system, three panchromatic (forward, nadir, backward), red, green, and blue lines placed next to each other, and one infrared. Each panchromatic channel consists of two lines, each with 12,000 pixels, staggered (shifted with respect to each other) by 0.5 pixels. The viewing angles and characteristics of the sensor are as follows - - Focal length 62.5mm - Pixel size 6.5mm - PAN 2 arrays 12,000 pixels each - R,G,B and NIR,R,G 12,000 pixels - Backward to nadir stereo angle -14.1 degrees - Near infrared to nadir stereo angle -2.05 degrees - Dynamic Range of CCD - 12-bits for all arrays For this dataset, the natural color and color infrared orthoimages were produced at 1.0-meter pixel resolution. The accuracy has been designed to meet NMAS for 12,000 maps. Each digital orthorectified quarter quad provides imagery for a nominal 3.75 by 3.75 minute area corresponding to the USGS quarter quad boundaries. The projected coordinate system is UTM (Zone 17) with a NAD83 datum. The naming convention is based on the state of Florida DOQQ naming convention. Deliverables include - - 24-Bit Natural Color in GeoTIFF format - 24-Bit False Color Infrared in GeoTIFF format - 48-Bit Natural Color in GeoTIFF format - 48-Bit False Color Infrared in GeoTIFF format Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20031221 Ending_Date: 20040428 Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -084.025018 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -082.051852 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.680434 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.011715 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: rectified imagery Theme_Keyword: rectified image Theme_Keyword: orthophoto Theme_Keyword: Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quad (DOQQ) Theme_Keyword: image map Theme_Keyword: Natural Color DOQQ Theme_Keyword: Color Infrared DOQQ Theme_Keyword: False Color Infrared DOQQ Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System, Geographic Names Office, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 Place_Keyword: United States of America (USA) Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: FL Place_Keyword: US Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None Data_Set_Credit: EarthData International of Maryland, LLC Native_Data_Set_Environment: Leica ADS40 Digital Camera System ISTAR Digital Image Processing Software Z/I Imaging Orthopro 4.0 Windows NT/2000 Systems Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The digital imagery for each acquisition sortie is differentially rectified to produce orthophotography for the Red, Green, and Blue and near infrared channels at a resolution of 1.0-meter per pixel. The orthophoto mosaics are inspected for accuracy issues that fall in the following categories - - Aerotriangulation related - DSM related Accuracy issues will be investigated through review an correction of the DSM or triangulation adjustment. Once the imagery has passed quality control review, final radiometric adjustments are performed to create a uniform overall appearance. Logical_Consistency_Report: Compliance with the accuracy standard was ensured by the placement of photo identifiable ground control points and the collection of airborne GPS data. Using several tools that are part of the ISTAR workflow, the existing digital elevation model data from the USGS archive was ingested into the ISTAR workflow for use in the differential rectification of the updated DOQQs. The ISTAR correlation algorithm computes the X,Y,Z value for each DSM post utilizing every stereo angle that is available. A series of DSM files were created for each acquisition block, one for each stereo look angle. A mosaic was then created from the separate DSM files where the best vertical value for each posting was selected from all look angles compared against the aerotriangulation adjustment which is incorporated into the mosaic. EarthData then edited the surface to the level required to support the orthophoto production. An RMS value was calculated based on the imagery utilized in the production of the tile by comparing the AT X and Y coordinates. This value represents an estimate of the accuracy of the horizontal coordinate measurements in the tile expressed in meters. Completeness_Report: Compliance with the accuracy standard was ensured by the placement of photo identifiable ground control points and the collection of airborne GPS data. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal accuracy of the orthorectified images is mainly determined by the accuracy of the aerotriangulation and digital surface model (DSM). For each rectified image (lift), an RMSE value for all of the standard errors of the tie/pass/control points located in that image (lift) and computed by the aerotriangulation solution was calculated. The DSM accuracy assessment was achieved by comparing the aerotriangulation-derived elevation with the elevation of the DSM. In addition, visual examination was employed to assess all tiles and its relative edge match. All results were examined for consistency and its compliance with the NMAS accuracy standard. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.364219 Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Accuracy assessment determined by evaluating the horizontal accuracy obtained during the aerotriangulation process for each lift. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: 3001, Inc Publication_Date: 20040930 Publication_Time: Unknown Title: Ground Control Survey of the State of Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: model Type_of_Source_Media: digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20040226 Ending_Date: 20040301 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GPS ground control Source_Contribution: 3001 Inc. established ground control to support the aerotriangulation process. A total of 24 points were surveyed to support the AT process. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U. S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20040930 Publication_Time: Unknown Title: Florida Digital Elevation Model Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: model Other_Citation_Details: The Florida Digital Elevation Models were provided by the USGS to support the production process. The DEMs were obtained from the USGS archives. Type_of_Source_Media: digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20040930 Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication Date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: digital surface model Source_Contribution: Used to provide ground elevations for the orthorectification process. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: EarthData International of Maryland, LLC Publication_Date: 20040930 Publication_Time: Unknown Title: ADS40 Digital Imagery Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Type_of_Source_Media: digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20040311 Ending_Date: 20040322 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: imagery Source_Contribution: The digital imagery mission was composed of a total of 17 lifts. Imagery was obtained at an altitude of 23,600 feet above mean terrain. The mission was flown with a Leica ADS40 digital camera with ABGPS and IMU. Imagery was acquired on the following dates - Lift Date FL35503A 12/21/2003 FL36203A 12/28/2003 FL07104E 03/11/2004 FL07104F 03/11/2004 FL07804D 03/18/2004 FL07804E 03/18/2004 FL08304A 03/23/2004 FL09304A 04/02/2004 FL09304B 04/02/2004 FL09404C 04/03/2004 FL10604A 04/15/2004 FL10604B 04/15/2004 FL10604C 04/15/2004 FL10604D 04/15/2004 FL10704A 04/16/2004 FL11904A 04/28/2004 Process_Step: Process_Description: Source Imagery - ADS40 Digital Camera Imagery. Control - Airborne GPS/IMU supplemented with photo identifiable field control Aerotriangulation - ISTAR software package Elevation Model - ISTAR software package Radiometric Balancing - ISTAR software package and COTS Software (PhotoShop). Orthorectification - ISTAR software package. Mosaic - ISTAR software package and Z/I Imaging OrthoPro software package. The following section describes the ISTAR digital image production sequence. This is a mature, stable workflow and incorporates all production components into an integrated series of tools to accomplish photogrammetric mensuration, aerotriangulation, elevation model development, ortho production and finishing. Production processes are fully documented in accordance with ISO9001 mandates. The following is a step-by-step description of the ISTAR workflow to develop digital orthophoto quarter quads to support the Florida DOQQ update program - Step 1 The unprocessed ADS40 data and accompanying GPS and IMU data for one or more sorties was downloaded from the portable hard disks and checked to verify that no files were corrupted and that all data could be downloaded. Digital aerial imagery that was used for this project includes the Red, Green, Blue, Near Infrared channels as well as the S1 pan, S2 pan and nadir green channels. Sample segments of the imagery were inspected in an uncorrected state to verify the integrity of each data sortie. Step 2 The GPS/IMU parameters for each sortie were optimized using the ground control points and the error calibration map. The horizontal and vertical positions of all ground control points in the block were observed in each channel (R,G,B, IR, R, G, S1 Pan, S2 Pan). Step 3 Aerotriangulation was accomplished using the CLB tool that is a component of the ISTAR process. The ground control, GPS and IMU information were ingested and tie points between strips were identified. Normally, only 3 tie points are needed between adjacent flight lines. Step 4 CLB produces a bundle adjustment for each data sortie. The results of the adjustment were verified through the development of a sub-sampled panchromatic mosaic for the data sortie. The mosaic was corrected using the aerotriangulation points only. This mosaic was inspected by the photogrammetric technician to identify any gross errors in the adjustment as well as the identification of any voids or image quality problems. Step 5 The existing digital elevation model data from the USGS archive was used to create the updated DOQQ map tiles. The data was inventoried and ingested into the ISTAR workflow for use in the differential rectification of the updated DOQQs. Step 6 The digital imagery for each acquisition sortie was differentially rectified to produce digital orthophoto mosaics in natural color and false color infrared renditions at a resolution of 1-meter per pixel. The orthophoto mosaics were inspected for accuracy issues that fall in the following - Aerotriangulation related - DSM related Accuracy issues were investigated through review and correction of the DEM or triangulation adjustment. Once the imagery passed quality control review, final radiometric adjustments were performed to create a uniform overall appearance. The final DOQQ tiles were organized for nominal 3.75 by 3.75 minute areas corresponding to the USGS quarter quad boundaries and were clipped out with the specified overage of a minimum of 30 meters beyond the quarter quad boundaries. Imagery was output in the following renditions - - 24-bit natural color - 24-bit false color infrared - 48-bit natural color - 48-bit false color infrared 1. 8-bit natural color and color infrared DOQQs are being delivered as 24-bit GeoTIFF images. Each image was radiometrically balanced to adjacent DOQQs to the highest extent practically achievable given image collection conditions. The data is being delivered as two separate three-band images (Natural Color - Blue, Green, Red; Color Infrared - Green, Red, Near Infrared). 2. 16-bit color natural color and color infrared DOQQs are being delivered as 48-bit GeoTIFF images. The data is being delivered as two separate three-band images (Natural Color - Blue, Green, Red; Color Infrared - Green, Red, Near Infrared). This product is being delivered to support scientific analysis, therefore post processing will be limited to atmospheric modeling and CCD electronic normalization. GeoTIFF files will include the following GeoTIFF tags and keys - - Model Tiepoint Tag - Model Pixel Scale Tag - GT Model Type Geo Key - GT Raster Type Geo Key - Projected CST Type Geo Key - PCS Citation Geo Key - Proj Linear Units Geo Key Step 7 The completed digital orthophotos were checked for image quality. Minor artifacts were corrected using Adobe Photoshop in an interactive editing session. Digital files were assigned final names in accordance with the state of Florida DOQQ naming convention. Step 8 Project level and file level metadata describing the orthophoto production process was developed to support the task. File level metadata is being delivered in xml format. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: imagery, digital surface model, GPS ground control Process_Date: 20040930 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 17 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: +081.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: +00.000000 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1.0 Ordinate_Resolution: 1.0 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.2572221 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: EROS Data Center 47914 252nd Street City: Sioux Falls State_or_Province: SD Postal_Code: 57198-0001 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-800-252-4547 Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 1-605-594-6933 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1-605-594-6589 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday - Friday, 8:00 AM - 4:00 PM (Central Time) Distribution_Liability: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20040930 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: EROS Data Center 47914 252nd Street City: Sioux Falls State_or_Province: SD Postal_Code: 57198-0001 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-800-252-4547 Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 1-605-594-6933 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1-605-594-6589 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday - Friday, 8:00AM - 4:00PM (Central TIme) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998